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By: Komal Preet Kaur

Abstract:Ìý

My research asks the following questions: What are the ramifications of male dominance in
positions of power? Do they adequately address the concerns of women constituents? How do
electoral quotas influence the trajectory of political careers for underrepresented groups? Which
subgroups derive the greatest benefits from quota implementation? How do voters respond to
the introduction of quotas, and what factors shape their reactions? I theorize and offer causal
evidence on the consequences of inequitable political representation and the role of quotas in reme
dying disparities in political inequality. Through a combination of observational and experimental
data spanning various levels ranging from legislatures to voters, my research examines quotas (or
lack thereof) from multiple perspectives using a range of methodological approaches. My research
demonstrates that while there is a risk of neglecting policy issues faced by underrepresented groups
in legislative spaces, indicating the need for institutionalizing quotas, quotas can have asymmetric
effects on citizens’ political behavior. Quotas can bridge gaps in political participation by demobi
lizing dominant groups while simultaneously mobilizing underrepresented groups. However, their
repercussions extend beyond the realm of politics and have implications for intergroup relations.
Thus, my research highlights the nuances of political representation and examines the effects of
quotas on governance structures and political behavior. My dissertation comprises three distinct
yet interconnected empirical chapters, all situated within the context of India. Overall, this disser
tation offers lessons not only for those interested in Indian politics but also for everyone seeking to
understand the role of quotas in addressing political inequality.