The Role of NGOs in Forest Governance: Unintended Consequences of REDD+
By: Adriana L Molina Garzón
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The proliferation of non-governmental organizations in environmental governance is well known. NGOs took a more active role during the early 2000s supported by the substantial flow of climate change financial aid in the design and implementation of mitigation programs to reduce deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). These programs were conceived under the premise of international flow of resources to finance market-oriented programs to incentivize conservation. However, global carbon markets failed to materialize in a sustainable way, so many REDD+ programs took a results-based approach where the program design included a bundle of interventions aimed at enabling measures or the provision of incentives to protect forests, not always including payments for environmental services (PES).