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By: Sarah Wilson Sokhey

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Why are countries increasingly excluding migrants from social protection systems designed to offer essential services in areas like healthcare, housing, and education? Linda J. Cook’s book tackles this important question. With richly descriptive case studies from a broad range of countries and cases over time, Welfare Nationalism in Europe and Russia helps us better understand how modern authoritarian and democratic states are responding to the challenges posed by mass migration.

Cook examines how six countries—the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Poland, and Russia—reacted to five waves of migration, including migrants from Central Asia to Russia in the 2000s, Central and East European migrants to the United KingdomÌýand other countries after EU expansion in 2004, migrants from the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) to Europe starting 2011, the limited resettlement of co-ethnic migrants in Poland and Russia in the 2000s, and Ukrainian migrants to Europe after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Only the last two waves of migration resulted in rare inclusionary welfare state policies. The first three cases were characterized by increasingly common exclusionary policies in which receiving countries chose to restrict migrants’ access to a wide array of social services. Cook convincingly argues that welfare nationalism emerged because migration occurred amidst declining social protections and declining employment for citizens.